Gather your documents before you start
Pull together the basics first, including:
- Social Security numbers for you and any dependents
- Your W-2 from each employer
- 1099s for freelance, interest, or investment income
Keep last year’s adjusted gross income (AGI) handy, since most e-file systems ask for it to confirm your identity, and gather records for any credits you plan to claim, like the Child Tax Credit.
Choose how you’ll file your 1040 online
The right free or paid option depends mostly on your income and how complex your return is.
| Free method | Income limit | State included? | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|
| VITA | $69,000 or less | Yes, but may depend on appointment availability. | In-person help |
| TCE | No income limit but prioritizes those aged 60+ | Yes, but may depend on appointment availability. | Senior citizens who prefer in-person help |
| MilTax | None | Up to five state returns free | Military members and eligible family members |
| Free Credit Karma Tax | None | $15 per state | Filers with any tax situation who want personalized guidance |
Source: Internal Revenue Service (1, 2, 3)
How e-filing works, step by step
- Create an account with your chosen provider.
- Enter your personal information and income from your W-2s and 1099s.
- Let the software apply the standard deduction or walk you through itemizing, plus any credits.
- Review the summary before you submit.
- Submit electronically—the provider sends it straight to the IRS.
After you e-file: Confirming and tracking your return
Most providers confirm IRS acceptance within 24 hours. Direct deposit gets your refund faster than a paper check—typically within about three weeks with no errors. Track your return’s progress with the IRS’s Where’s My Refund tool using your Social Security number, filing status, and exact refund amount.
Common mistakes to avoid when filing 1040 online
- A name that doesn’t match Social Security Administration records, which delays processing.
- Missing a late W-2 or 1099—wait for every form before you submit.
- The wrong filing status, which changes your standard deduction and tax brackets.
- Skipping your state return; a federal e-file doesn’t cover state taxes automatically.
